
此外,不少家族办公室未必能帮助富豪解决实际的财富传承与风险隔离需求。他曾遇到一位亿万富豪,后者听从家族办公室建议,使用大额保险与生前遗嘱形式“实现”企业经营风险与个人财富的隔离,但事实上,这份大额保险属于定期类理财类保险,不具备风险隔离功能;生前遗嘱则可能因为家庭内部纠葛,其执行力存在很大不确定性。
DeepMind团队在“自然”杂志上发表的论文,推出了人工智能围棋程序的最新版本的更强大的“学习”能力,AlphaGo Zero:Mastering the game of Go without human knowledge (无需人类知识的围棋大师),据称,AlphaGo Zero以100 : 0的成绩击败李世乭版本的AlphaGo。(http://nature.com/articles/doi:10.1038/nature24270,中文介绍可见:http://mp.weixin.qq.com/s/68GTn-BaiRPmzi9F-0sCyw)最引人注意的地方是,“我们介绍一种单独基于强化学习方法的算法,无需人类数据、人类的指导,或超越围棋规则的领域知识。AlphaGo成为了它自己的老师,”(we introduce an algorithm based solelyon reinforcement learning, without human data, guidance, or domain knowledgebeyond game rules。 AlphaGo becomes its own teacher)。
(AlphaGo Zero which haslearned completely from scratch, from first principles withoutusing any human data and has achieved the highest level of performance overall。 The most important idea in AlphaGo Zero isthat it learns completely tabular rasa。 That meansit starts completely from a blank slate and figuresout for itself only from self-play, without any human knowledge, without anyhuman date, without any human examples or features or intervention from humans.It discovers how to play the game of Go completely from fist principles。 Sotabular rasa learning is extremely important to our goals and ambitions at DeepMind。 And the reason is that if you can achieve tabularasa leaning, you really have an agent that can be transplanted from the gameof Go to any other domain。 You untie yourself from the specifics of the domainyou’re in and you come up with an algorithm which is so general that it can beapplied anywhere。 For us the idea of AlphaGo is not to go out and defeathumans, but actually to discover what it means to do science, and for a programto be able to lean for itself what knowledge is。 So, what we start to see wasthat AlphaGo Zero not only rediscovered the common patterns and openings thathuman tend to play, these joseki patterns that human play in the corners。 Italso leaned them, discovered them and ultimately discarded them in preferencefor its own variants which humans don’t even know about or play at the moment。 And so wecan say that really what’s happened is that in a short space of time, AlphaGo Zero has understood all of the Go knowledgethat has been accumulated by humans over thousands of years of playing。 And it’s analyzedit and started to look at it and discover much of this knowledge for itself.And sometimes it’s chosen to actually to beyond that and come up with something which thehuman hadn’t even discovered in this time period。 And developed new pieces ofknowledge which were creative and novel in many ways。 )
《环球时报》记者认真翻阅这份长达59页的报告,除附录外,涉及双边关系的正文共4章46页。客观地说,报告站在维护印度国家利益的角度,详尽分析了当前中印关系中存在的问题,并就此向印度政府和议会提出19项工作建议。但如因此就得出泽维尔研究员的上述结论,未免失之轻率和偏颇。报告大量引用今年2月印度外秘顾凯杰在议会应询时的发言。从他当时的发言中不难看出,印度政府乐见双边关系取得积极进展。印度的对华政策取向,也由洞朗对峙前后的激进冒进,正转为稳健积极。
附:《互联网新闻信息服务管理规定》第五条 通过互联网站、应用程序、论坛、博客、微博客、公众账号、即时通信工具、网络直播等形式向社会公众提供互联网新闻信息服务,应当取得互联网新闻信息服务许可,禁止未经许可或超越许可范围开展互联网新闻信息服务活动。
(一)规范运行。健全制度体系,明确“正负面”清单,明确全生命周期管理要求,严格项目入库,完善“能进能出”动态调整机制,落实项目绩效激励考核。(二)严格监管。坚持必要、可承受的财政投入原则,审慎科学决策,健全财政支出责任监测和风险预警机制,防止政府支出责任过多、过重加大财政支出压力,切实防控假借PPP名义增加地方政府隐性债务。